diff --git a/packages/api/src/adapter-aws/AwsUserPoolsAdapter.test.ts b/packages/api/src/adapter-aws/AwsUserPoolsAdapter.test.ts
index 937624a..7a4ce10 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/adapter-aws/AwsUserPoolsAdapter.test.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/adapter-aws/AwsUserPoolsAdapter.test.ts
@@ -121,12 +121,25 @@ describe('AwsUserPoolsAdapter', () => {
             signInWith: 'email',
             passwordPolicy: '8+ characters with uppercase, lowercase, number, symbol',
             estimatedNumberOfUsers: 1,
+            userCount: 0,
             mfaConfiguration: 'OFF',
             deletionProtection: 'INACTIVE',
             appClients: [{clientId: 'a8e5c7d38d3b4a1a97c9d822de', clientName: 'orders-users-client'}],
         })
     })
 
+    test('counts users itself, since the runtime leaves EstimatedNumberOfUsers at 0', async () => {
+        const {client} = stubCognito((command) => {
+            if (command instanceof DescribeUserPoolCommand) return {UserPool: {...pool, EstimatedNumberOfUsers: 0}}
+            if (command instanceof ListUsersCommand) return command.input.PaginationToken ? {Users: [alice]} : {Users: [alice, alice], PaginationToken: 'page-2'}
+            return {}
+        })
+        const resource = await new AwsUserPoolsAdapter(client).get(POOL_ID)
+
+        expect(resource?.metadata.userCount).toBe(3)
+        expect(resource?.metadata.estimatedNumberOfUsers).toBe(0)
+    })
+
     test('summarises a relaxed password policy without character rules', async () => {
         const {client} = stubCognito((command) => {
             if (command instanceof DescribeUserPoolCommand) return {UserPool: {...pool, Policies: {PasswordPolicy: {MinimumLength: 8, RequireUppercase: false, RequireLowercase: false, RequireNumbers: false, RequireSymbols: false}}}}
diff --git a/packages/api/src/adapter-aws/AwsUserPoolsAdapter.ts b/packages/api/src/adapter-aws/AwsUserPoolsAdapter.ts
index 4e69695..3e9e893 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/adapter-aws/AwsUserPoolsAdapter.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/adapter-aws/AwsUserPoolsAdapter.ts
@@ -57,6 +57,8 @@ import type {
 
 /** Cognito caps every list page at 60. */
 const COGNITO_PAGE_LIMIT = 60
+/** Counting stops here so a very large pool cannot stall the pool list. */
+const USER_COUNT_CAP = 1000
 const EMAIL_PATTERN = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/
 
 /**
@@ -72,6 +74,8 @@ const EMAIL_PATTERN = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/
  *    symbol, matching AWS.
  *  - `InitiateAuth` with `USER_PASSWORD_AUTH` issues real tokens once a user's
  *    password is permanent, so users created here can sign in immediately.
+ *  - `EstimatedNumberOfUsers` stays 0 however many users exist (AWS also only
+ *    updates it periodically), so `userCount` is counted with `ListUsers`.
  *  - An admin action the user's state does not allow (confirming a confirmed
  *    user) is `NotAuthorizedException`, surfaced here as a conflict because the
  *    console caller is authorised and a 401 would end the console session.
@@ -110,11 +114,12 @@ export class AwsUserPoolsAdapter implements CloudServiceAdapter {
 
     async get(id: string): Promise<CloudResource | null> {
         try {
-            const [pool, clients] = await Promise.all([
+            const [pool, clients, userCount] = await Promise.all([
                 this.cognito.send(new DescribeUserPoolCommand({UserPoolId: id})),
                 this.listClients(id),
+                this.countUsers(id),
             ])
-            return pool.UserPool ? toResource(pool.UserPool, clients) : null
+            return pool.UserPool ? toResource(pool.UserPool, clients, userCount) : null
         } catch (error) {
             if (isMissing(error)) return null
             throw error
@@ -284,6 +289,17 @@ export class AwsUserPoolsAdapter implements CloudServiceAdapter {
         return listGroupNamesForUser(this.cognito, poolId, username)
     }
 
+    private async countUsers(poolId: string): Promise<number> {
+        let count = 0
+        let token: string | undefined
+        do {
+            const res = await this.cognito.send(new ListUsersCommand({UserPoolId: poolId, Limit: COGNITO_PAGE_LIMIT, ...(token ? {PaginationToken: token} : {})}))
+            count += res.Users?.length ?? 0
+            token = res.PaginationToken || undefined
+        } while (token && count < USER_COUNT_CAP)
+        return Math.min(count, USER_COUNT_CAP)
+    }
+
     private async listClients(poolId: string): Promise<UserPoolClientDescription[]> {
         const clients: UserPoolClientDescription[] = []
         let nextToken: string | undefined
@@ -423,7 +439,7 @@ function toSummaryResource(pool: UserPoolDescriptionType): CloudResource[] {
     }]
 }
 
-function toResource(pool: UserPoolType, clients: UserPoolClientDescription[]): CloudResource {
+function toResource(pool: UserPoolType, clients: UserPoolClientDescription[], userCount: number): CloudResource {
     const id = pool.Id ?? ''
     const policy = pool.Policies?.PasswordPolicy
     return {
@@ -440,6 +456,7 @@ function toResource(pool: UserPoolType, clients: UserPoolClientDescription[]): C
             signInWith: pool.UsernameAttributes?.includes('email') ? 'email' : 'username',
             passwordPolicy: policy ? describePasswordPolicy(policy) : null,
             estimatedNumberOfUsers: pool.EstimatedNumberOfUsers ?? null,
+            userCount,
             mfaConfiguration: pool.MfaConfiguration ?? null,
             deletionProtection: pool.DeletionProtection ?? null,
             appClients: clients.map((client) => ({clientId: client.ClientId ?? '', clientName: client.ClientName ?? ''})),
diff --git a/packages/api/src/cloud-spi/userPoolsSchema.ts b/packages/api/src/cloud-spi/userPoolsSchema.ts
index ae19a69..4889416 100644
--- a/packages/api/src/cloud-spi/userPoolsSchema.ts
+++ b/packages/api/src/cloud-spi/userPoolsSchema.ts
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ export function awsUserPoolsSchema(): ServiceSchema {
         filters: userPoolFilters,
         columns: userPoolColumns,
         deleteImpact: [
-            {path: 'metadata.estimatedNumberOfUsers', singular: 'user', plural: 'users'},
+            {path: 'metadata.userCount', singular: 'user', plural: 'users'},
             {path: 'metadata.appClients', singular: 'app client', plural: 'app clients'},
         ],
     }