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# Craft references
Brand-agnostic craft knowledge. Each file is a small, dense rulebook on one
dimension of professional UI craft (typography, color, motion, …). Skills
opt into the references they need; the daemon injects only the requested
ones into the system prompt above the active skill body.
## Why a third axis next to `skills/` and `design-systems/`
| Axis | Scope | Example |
|---|---|---|
| `skills/` | Artifact shape | `saas-landing`, `dashboard`, `pricing-page` |
| `design-systems/` | Brand visual language (the 9-section `DESIGN.md`) | `linear-app`, `apple`, `notion` |
| `craft/` | **Universal** craft knowledge — true regardless of brand | letter-spacing rules, accent-overuse caps, anti-AI-slop |
`DESIGN.md` tells the agent which colors and fonts a brand uses. `craft/`
tells the agent the universal rules a competent designer applies on top —
e.g. ALL CAPS always needs ≥0.06em tracking, regardless of the brand.
## How a skill opts in
Add an `od.craft.requires` array to the skill's front-matter. Only the
listed sections are injected, so a skill that needs only typography pays
no token cost for color/motion content.
```yaml
od:
craft:
requires: [typography, color, anti-ai-slop]
```
Allowed values match the file names in this directory minus the `.md`
extension. Unknown values are silently ignored (forward-compatible).
### Why silent fallback instead of fail-fast?
A skeptical reader will ask: "If a skill requests `motion` and we don't
ship `motion.md` yet, shouldn't we warn the user?" We chose
forward-compatibility over fail-fast: a skill authored today can list
`motion` and start benefiting the moment we vendor `craft/motion.md` in
a follow-up PR, with no skill edit needed. The cost of a missed
reference is a missing paragraph in the system prompt, not a broken
skill — so the loud failure mode is not worth the friction.
## Files
| File | Section name | When to require |
|---|---|---|
| `typography.md` | `typography` | Any skill that emits typed content (~all skills) |
| `color.md` | `color` | Any skill that emits styled output (~all skills) |
| `anti-ai-slop.md` | `anti-ai-slop` | Marketing pages, landing pages, decks |
More sections (`motion`, `icons`, `craft-details`) will be added in
follow-up PRs as we wire the linter side.
## Attribution
Craft content is adapted from the MIT-licensed
[refero_skill](https://github.com/referodesign/refero_skill) project
(© Refero Design), with edits to fit Open Design's house style and link
back to OD's design tokens (`var(--accent)` etc.) instead of generic
Tailwind hex values.
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# Anti-AI-slop rules
Concrete, checkable rules that distinguish "designed by a human who has
shipped product" from "default LLM output." Several rules below are
auto-enforced by the daemon's `lint-artifact` linter — failing an
enforced rule is not a style preference, it is a regression. The
rest are guidance for agents and reviewers and are flagged inline as
"(guidance, not auto-checked)" so the contract with the linter stays
honest.
> Adapted from [refero_skill](https://github.com/referodesign/refero_skill)
> (MIT), tightened to match Open Design's lint surface.
## The seven cardinal sins
These are the patterns the linter blocks at P0 (must-fix):
1. **Default Tailwind indigo as accent** — exactly `#6366f1`, `#4f46e5`,
`#4338ca`, `#3730a3`, `#8b5cf6`, `#7c3aed`, `#a855f7`. The active
`DESIGN.md` provides `--accent`; use it. Indigo is the textbook AI
tell. (The daemon's `lint-artifact` flags any of these as a solid
accent; keep this list in sync with `AI_DEFAULT_INDIGO` in
`apps/daemon/src/lint-artifact.ts`.)
2. **Two-stop "trust" gradient on the hero** — purple→blue, blue→cyan,
indigo→pink. A flat surface + intentional type beats this every
time.
3. **Emoji as feature icons**`✨`, `🚀`, `🎯`, `⚡`, `🔥`, `💡`
inside `<h*>`, `<button>`, `<li>`, or `class*="icon"`. Use
1.61.8px-stroke monoline SVG with `currentColor`.
4. **Sans-serif on display text when the seed binds a serif** — h1/h2
must use `var(--font-display)`, not a hardcoded Inter / Roboto /
`system-ui`.
5. **Rounded card with a colored left-border accent** — the canonical
"AI dashboard tile" shape. Drop either the radius or the left
border.
6. **Invented metrics** — "10× faster", "99.9% uptime", "3× more
productive". Either pull from a real source or use a labelled
placeholder.
7. **Filler copy**`lorem ipsum`, `feature one / two / three`,
`placeholder text`, `sample content`. An empty section is a design
problem to solve with composition, not by inventing words.
## Soft tells (P1 — should fix)
- **Standard "Hero → Features → Pricing → FAQ → CTA" sequence with no
variation** *(guidance, not auto-checked)*. This is the AI-template
skeleton; introduce at least one unconventional section (testimonial
wall as full-bleed quote, pricing as comparison-against-status-quo,
an inline mini-product-demo).
- **External placeholder image CDNs** (`unsplash.com`, `placehold.co`,
`placekitten.com`, `picsum.photos`). Fragile and obvious. Use the
shipped `.ph-img` placeholder class.
- **More than ~12 raw hex values outside `:root`.** Tokens were not
honoured.
- **`var(--accent)` used 6+ times in the rendered body.** Cap at 2
visible uses per screen.
## Polish tells (P2 — nice to fix)
- **Sections without `data-od-id`** — comment mode can't target them.
- **Decorative blob / wave SVG backgrounds** *(guidance, not
auto-checked)* — meaningless geometry.
- **Perfect symmetric layout with no visual tension** *(guidance, not
auto-checked)* — alternating density (one tight section, one
breathing section) reads as intentional.
## How to add soul without breaking the rules
Aim for **~80% proven patterns + ~20% distinctive choice**. The 20%
should live in:
- One bold visual move — a typography choice, a single color decision,
an unexpected proportion.
- Voice and microcopy — a button that says "Start tracking" beats one
that says "Get started".
- One micro-interaction the user will remember — a button press that
moves 2px, a number that counts up.
- One detail that could only have been put there by someone who used
the product (a subtle kbd shortcut hint, a status badge with
product-specific phrasing).
If a reviewer screenshots the artifact and someone outside the project
can identify which product it's from — you have soul. If not, you
shipped a template.
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# Color craft rules
Universal color rules applied on top of the active `DESIGN.md`. The
design system supplies the palette tokens; this file enforces how to
*use* them.
> Adapted from [refero_skill](https://github.com/referodesign/refero_skill)
> (MIT). All examples reference Open Design's standard tokens
> (`--bg`, `--surface`, `--fg`, `--muted`, `--border`, `--accent`).
## Palette structure
A coherent palette has four layers. Plan all four before writing any CSS.
| Layer | Share of pixels | Tokens |
|---|---|---|
| **Neutrals** | 7090% | `--bg`, `--surface`, `--fg`, `--muted`, `--border` |
| **Accent** (one) | 510% | `--accent` only — never invent a second accent |
| **Semantic** | 05% | `--success`, `--warn`, `--danger` |
| **Effect** | <1% | gradients, glows; rarely justified |
## Accent discipline
The single biggest readability failure in AI-generated UIs is accent
overuse. Hard caps:
- **At most 2 visible uses of `--accent` per screen.** Typical pair:
one eyebrow / chip + one primary CTA. Or one accent card + one tab
pill. Pick a pair, not a flood.
- Links count as accent; demote to `--fg` underline if you also have a
CTA on the same screen.
- Hover/focus rings count as accent. Ration accordingly.
## Contrast minimums
Run these as gates, not goals:
| Pair | Minimum |
|---|---|
| Body text (≤16 px) on background | **4.5:1** |
| Large text (>18 px or 14 px bold) | **3:1** |
| UI components against adjacent surfaces | **3:1** |
When the brand color clashes (low-contrast indigo on light background is
common), darken the accent to a `600`-level shade for text use; reserve
the brand-bright variant for fills only.
## Dark themes
Avoid pure black and pure white — both cause vibration and eye strain.
| Token | Dark theme | Light theme |
|---|---|---|
| Background | `#0f0f0f` (not `#000`) | `#fafafa` (not `#fff`) |
| Foreground | `#f0f0f0` (not `#fff`) | `#111111` (not `#000`) |
On dark surfaces, prefer **semi-transparent white borders** over solid
dark borders — a 1px `rgba(255,255,255,0.08)` reads as structure
without adding visual noise.
## Semantic color naming
Always name tokens by **purpose**, never by hue:
```css
/* good */
--accent: #2f6feb;
--success: #17a34a;
/* bad — locks you out of theming */
--blue-500: #2f6feb;
--green-500: #17a34a;
```
## Anti-defaults
- **Indigo `#6366f1`** (Tailwind `indigo-500`) is the most reliable
AI-slop tell. The active `DESIGN.md` provides `--accent`; use it. If
the brief truly needs indigo, make the user say so explicitly. If
your `DESIGN.md` encodes indigo as `--accent`, that is intentional —
the linter only flags hardcoded hex, so `var(--accent)` uses are
unaffected even when the resolved color happens to be `#6366f1`.
- **Two-stop "trust" gradient** (purple → blue, blue → cyan, etc.) on a
hero is the second most reliable tell. A flat surface + one
type-driven hierarchy beats it every time.
- **Decorative gradients with no functional purpose**. Gradients should
separate hierarchies (header → body, primary CTA → secondary), not
decorate empty space.
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# Typography craft rules
Universal typography rules that apply on top of any `DESIGN.md`. The
active design system decides *which* fonts; this file decides *how* they
behave at every size.
> Adapted from [refero_skill](https://github.com/referodesign/refero_skill)
> (MIT) — distilled and re-tuned for Open Design's token system.
## Type scale
Use a multiplicative scale (1.2 or 1.25). Cap at 68 sizes per artifact.
| Role | Range |
|---|---|
| Display | 4872 px |
| H1 | 3248 px |
| H2 | 2432 px |
| H3 | 2024 px |
| Body | 1518 px |
| Small | 1314 px |
| Caption | 1112 px |
## Line height (leading)
| Text size | Line height |
|---|---|
| Display / H1 (≥32 px) | `1.0``1.2` (tight) |
| Body (1518 px) | `1.5``1.6` |
| Small (≤14 px) | `1.5` |
## Letter-spacing — the rule that makes or breaks craft
This is the single most-skipped rule in AI-generated design. **No
exceptions.**
| Context | Letter-spacing |
|---|---|
| Body text (1418 px) | `0` (default) |
| Small text (1113 px) | `0.01em` to `0.02em` (positive) |
| UI labels and button text | `0.02em` |
| **ALL CAPS** | **`0.06em` to `0.1em` (required)** |
| Headings 32 px+ | `-0.01em` to `-0.02em` |
| Display 48 px+ | `-0.02em` to `-0.03em` |
ALL CAPS without positive tracking looks cramped and amateur. Display
text without negative tracking looks loose and weak. These two failures
are the most reliable AI-slop tells.
The `0.06em` floor is not arbitrary: it is the empirical lower bound
that print and web typographers have converged on for uppercase
tracking (cf. Bringhurst's *Elements of Typographic Style* §3.2.7,
which recommends 510% of the em for caps; modern screen practice
rounds the lower end to 0.06em). Anything tighter and the counters
collide on screen; the upper bound `0.1em` keeps the word from
disintegrating into letters.
## Font pairing
- Maximum 2 typefaces per artifact (display + body, or one variable face
used at multiple weights).
- Always declare a system fallback chain. If the active `DESIGN.md`
ships a webfont URL, the fallback must still produce a coherent look.
- Never set `font-family: system-ui` alone on a heading — that is the
textbook AI default; always pair it with an intentional first choice.
## Line length
Limit body copy to **5075 characters** per line. In CSS:
`max-width: 65ch` is a safe default.
## Three-weight system
Most well-crafted UIs use exactly 3 weights:
- **Read** (400 / 450) — body copy
- **Emphasize** (510 / 550) — UI text, labels, navigation
- **Announce** (590 / 600) — headlines, buttons
Weight 700+ is rarely needed. If your design uses bold for "emphasis on
emphasis," it likely lacks weight discipline elsewhere.
## Common mistakes (lint these)
- ALL CAPS without `letter-spacing``0.06em`.
- Display text (≥32 px) without negative tracking.
- More than 3 type sizes visible above the fold.
- Mixed serif and slab on the same screen without a clear role split.
- Body copy in `text-align: justify` (creates rivers; never use on the web).