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+# Footer-Rail + Cursor-Flow Layout Discipline
+
+The full rule set referenced from `SKILL.md` Step 4. Read this when the deck has slide types beyond simple title-+-body or when you're building the re-export script from scratch.
+
+> **How to use this file.** Skim §1-3 once to internalize the rules
+> (constants, `Cursor`, hero budget centering). Then jump to the slide-type
+> snippet that matches what you're building — pipeline, two-column,
+> observation grid, etc. — and adapt. The file is meant to be navigated,
+> not read end-to-end.
+
+## 1. Constants — define once at the top of the export script
+
+```python
+from pptx.util import Inches, Pt, Emu
+from pptx.dml.color import RGBColor
+
+# Canvas (16:9). Override only if the deck explicitly targets 4:3 or 1:1.
+CANVAS_W       = Inches(13.333)
+CANVAS_H       = Inches(7.5)
+
+# Margins
+MARGIN_X       = Inches(0.6)            # left / right symmetric
+MARGIN_TOP     = Inches(0.5)            # below the chrome row
+CONTENT_LEFT   = MARGIN_X
+CONTENT_RIGHT  = CANVAS_W - MARGIN_X
+CONTENT_W      = CONTENT_RIGHT - CONTENT_LEFT
+
+# Vertical rails — the load-bearing pair
+CHROME_TOP     = Inches(0.32)           # top metadata row
+CHROME_H       = Inches(0.20)
+CONTENT_TOP    = MARGIN_TOP             # cursor starts here on content slides
+CONTENT_MAX_Y  = Inches(6.70)           # NOTHING in content area may cross
+FOOTER_TOP     = Inches(6.85)           # foot row pinned here
+FOOTER_H       = Inches(0.22)
+
+# Theme colors — derive from the HTML :root block, do not invent
+COLOR_INK      = RGBColor(0x0a, 0x1f, 0x3d)   # dark theme background / light text color
+COLOR_PAPER    = RGBColor(0xf1, 0xf3, 0xf5)   # light theme background / dark text color
+COLOR_INK_60   = RGBColor(0x68, 0x77, 0x8e)   # 60 % opacity ink (precomputed)
+COLOR_PAPER_60 = RGBColor(0x9b, 0xa0, 0xa6)   # 60 % opacity paper
+
+# Typography stacks. EN italic uses serif-en; CJK never italicizes.
+FONT_SERIF_EN  = "Playfair Display"
+FONT_SERIF_FB  = "Source Serif 4"
+FONT_SERIF_ZH  = "Noto Serif TC"
+FONT_SANS_ZH   = "Noto Sans TC"
+FONT_MONO      = "IBM Plex Mono"
+```
+
+## 2. The Cursor primitive
+
+Used on all non-hero slides. The cursor advances down the slide and refuses to cross `CONTENT_MAX_Y`.
+
+```python
+class Cursor:
+    def __init__(self, y_start=CONTENT_TOP, cap=CONTENT_MAX_Y):
+        self.y = y_start
+        self.cap = cap
+        self.history = []   # list of (top, height, label) for debugging
+
+    def take(self, h, gap=Inches(0.12), label=""):
+        top = self.y
+        self.y = top + h + gap
+        self.history.append((top, h, label))
+        if self.y > self.cap:
+            raise OverflowError(
+                f"Cursor exceeded rail at '{label}': "
+                f"y={self.y} cap={self.cap}; "
+                f"history={self.history}"
+            )
+        return top
+
+    def remaining(self):
+        return self.cap - self.y
+```
+
+Usage:
+
+```python
+c = Cursor()
+add_kicker(slide, top=c.take(Inches(0.18), label="kicker"))
+add_h_xl(slide,   top=c.take(Inches(1.0),  label="h-xl"))
+add_lead(slide,   top=c.take(Inches(0.8),  label="lead"))
+add_pipeline(slide, top=c.take(Inches(2.6), label="pipeline"))
+```
+
+> **Per-script `gap` tuning.** The default `Inches(0.12)` matches 14pt
+> Latin body copy. Decks that include CJK, Devanagari, Thai, or
+> Khmer need more breathing room — line clusters and stacked tone
+> marks bump the rendered line height. Pass an explicit `gap=` per
+> block, or override the `Cursor` default at the top of your export.
+> The full per-script table is in
+> [`font-discipline.md` § Line height per script](font-discipline.md).
+>
+> **Detecting the highest-demand script in a mixed deck.** A deck
+> can mix `en` slides with `th` slides — locale alone isn't the
+> signal. Scan each slide's text against the Unicode ranges in
+> `font-discipline.md` Layer 5's `NO_ITALIC_RANGES` (extend with the
+> Vietnamese Extended block U+1E00–U+1EFF for ếẫỗ), record the
+> per-slide max-gap, and instantiate the slide's `Cursor` with that
+> value. For a uniform deck-wide setting, take the max across all
+> slides.
+
+If a slide raises `OverflowError`, fix one of three things:
+
+1. **Reduce block height** — the box was generously sized; tighten to actual text height.
+2. **Reduce gap** — the inter-block gap is excessive; trim from `0.18"` to `0.10"`.
+3. **Split the slide** — the content genuinely doesn't fit; this is a design problem, not a layout problem.
+
+Don't "solve" it by raising `CONTENT_MAX_Y`. The rail exists for a reason — content that crosses it will overlap the footer at full-screen presentation.
+
+## 3. Hero slides — budget centering, not cursor flow
+
+Hero slides (cover, chapter intros, big-quote pages) are vertically centered. The cursor model would put them at the top with empty space below — visually wrong.
+
+```python
+def hero_layout(blocks):
+    """
+    blocks: list of (height, gap_after) tuples in top-to-bottom reading order.
+    Returns a Cursor whose y_start is computed so the stack is centered.
+    """
+    total_h = sum(h + g for h, g in blocks)
+    y_start = (CANVAS_H - total_h) / 2
+    # Pin cap to bottom of available area so we still catch overflow.
+    return Cursor(y_start=y_start, cap=CANVAS_H - FOOTER_H - Inches(0.2))
+```
+
+Hero usage:
+
+```python
+# Plan the stack first.
+HERO_BLOCKS = [
+    (Inches(0.18), Inches(0.30)),   # kicker
+    (Inches(1.50), Inches(0.20)),   # h-hero
+    (Inches(0.45), Inches(0.40)),   # h-sub
+    (Inches(0.70), Inches(0.30)),   # lead
+    (Inches(0.20), Inches(0.00)),   # meta-row
+]
+c = hero_layout(HERO_BLOCKS)
+for (h, g), block_fn in zip(HERO_BLOCKS, [k_kicker, k_hero, k_sub, k_lead, k_meta]):
+    block_fn(slide, top=c.take(h, gap=g))
+```
+
+The pattern reads as: "list each block's actual height, then center the entire stack". One source of truth, no manual `MARGIN_TOP`.
+
+## 4. Footer is always pinned, never advanced
+
+Don't route the footer through the cursor — it has its own rail.
+
+```python
+def add_footer(slide, left_text, right_text, theme="dark"):
+    color = COLOR_PAPER_60 if theme == "dark" else COLOR_INK_60
+    add_text(slide,
+        left=CONTENT_LEFT, top=FOOTER_TOP,
+        width=CONTENT_W / 2, height=FOOTER_H,
+        text=left_text, font=FONT_MONO, size_pt=9,
+        color=color, align="left", letter_spacing=2.0)
+    add_text(slide,
+        left=CANVAS_W / 2, top=FOOTER_TOP,
+        width=CONTENT_W / 2, height=FOOTER_H,
+        text=right_text, font=FONT_MONO, size_pt=9,
+        color=color, align="right", letter_spacing=2.0)
+```
+
+`add_chrome` is the same idea pinned at `CHROME_TOP`. Both rails sit *outside* the content area, so they never collide with the cursor.
+
+## 5. Box height ≠ text height — but tight is better than loose
+
+PowerPoint draws shape bounds visibly when:
+
+- Two shapes overlap (selection halos in editor, faint anti-alias seam in presentation mode).
+- A shape with a fill or border crosses the rail.
+- Z-order conflicts cause one shape to clip another.
+
+So even when the *text* fits within the content area, an oversized *box* can intrude. Tighten box height to:
+
+```
+box_h = (n_lines * line_height_pt + 2 * pad_pt) / 72
+```
+
+where `pad_pt` is 2–4 pt (≈ 0.03–0.05"). For multi-line text frames, set `text_frame.word_wrap = True` and don't pad vertically — let the text frame's intrinsic metrics size itself.
+
+For headline blocks with a known line count, you can also set:
+
+```python
+tf = shape.text_frame
+tf.auto_size = MSO_AUTO_SIZE.SHAPE_TO_FIT_TEXT
+```
+
+Then read `shape.height` *after* adding text to find the actual height for the cursor.
+
+## 6. Italic preservation — only EN serif, never CJK
+
+The single most common silent regression. HTML `<em>`, `<i>`, and inline `font-style: italic` should all map to `run.font.italic = True`. But:
+
+- **EN/Latin display copy** (Playfair Display, Source Serif) has a real italic. Use it.
+- **CJK display copy** (Noto Serif TC, Source Han Serif) has no italic. Synthesizing produces a slanted bitmap that looks broken. Skip italic for CJK runs even if the HTML had `<em>` around the CJK text.
+- **EN body copy** can use sans italic if the body family supports it; if not, swap to serif italic for the duration of the run.
+
+```python
+def add_run(p, text, *, font, size_pt, italic=False, bold=False, color=None):
+    r = p.add_run()
+    r.text = text
+    # If italic is requested, force an EN serif that supports it.
+    if italic:
+        r.font.name = FONT_SERIF_EN if not _is_cjk(text) else font
+        r.font.italic = not _is_cjk(text)
+    else:
+        r.font.name = font
+        r.font.italic = False
+    r.font.size = Pt(size_pt)
+    r.font.bold = bool(bold)
+    if color is not None:
+        r.font.color.rgb = color
+    return r
+
+def _is_cjk(s):
+    return any('\u4e00' <= c <= '\u9fff' or '\u3040' <= c <= '\u30ff' for c in s)
+```
+
+When walking HTML, detect italic spans:
+
+```python
+from html.parser import HTMLParser
+
+class ItalicSpans(HTMLParser):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.italic_depth = 0
+        self.runs = []   # list of (text, italic_bool)
+        self._buf = []
+        self._italic = False
+
+    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
+        if tag in ("em", "i"):
+            self._flush()
+            self.italic_depth += 1
+            self._italic = True
+        elif tag == "span":
+            style = dict(attrs).get("style", "")
+            if "italic" in style:
+                self._flush()
+                self.italic_depth += 1
+                self._italic = True
+
+    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
+        if tag in ("em", "i", "span") and self.italic_depth > 0:
+            self._flush()
+            self.italic_depth -= 1
+            self._italic = self.italic_depth > 0
+
+    def handle_data(self, data):
+        self._buf.append(data)
+
+    def _flush(self):
+        if self._buf:
+            self.runs.append(("".join(self._buf), self._italic))
+            self._buf = []
+```
+
+## 7. Slide-type recipes
+
+### 7.1 Cover / hero with vertical center
+
+```python
+def slide_cover(prs, *, title, subtitle, lead, meta, chrome_l, chrome_r):
+    slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
+    paint_bg(slide, COLOR_INK)
+    add_chrome(slide, chrome_l, chrome_r, theme="dark")
+
+    blocks = [
+        (Inches(0.18), Inches(0.32)),   # kicker
+        (Inches(1.50), Inches(0.18)),   # h-hero
+        (Inches(0.45), Inches(0.36)),   # h-sub
+        (Inches(0.70), Inches(0.30)),   # lead
+        (Inches(0.20), Inches(0.00)),   # meta
+    ]
+    c = hero_layout(blocks)
+    add_kicker(slide, top=c.take(*blocks[0]), text="SOP · Coach Edition")
+    add_h_hero(slide, top=c.take(*blocks[1]), text=title)
+    add_h_sub(slide,  top=c.take(*blocks[2]), text=subtitle)
+    add_lead(slide,   top=c.take(*blocks[3]), text=lead)
+    add_meta_row(slide, top=c.take(*blocks[4]), items=meta)
+
+    add_footer(slide, "主責教練 SOP", "— 2026 —", theme="dark")
+```
+
+### 7.2 Content with pipeline (4–5 step horizontal flow)
+
+```python
+def slide_pipeline(prs, *, kicker, headline, intro, label, steps):
+    slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
+    paint_bg(slide, COLOR_PAPER)
+    add_chrome(slide, "On-Day · Coach Actions", "08 / 14", theme="light")
+
+    c = Cursor()
+    add_kicker(slide, top=c.take(Inches(0.18), label="kicker"), text=kicker)
+    add_h_xl(slide,   top=c.take(Inches(0.95), label="h-xl"), text=headline)
+    add_lead(slide,   top=c.take(Inches(0.65), label="lead"), text=intro)
+    add_pipeline(slide,
+        top=c.take(Inches(2.30), label="pipeline"),
+        section_label=label,
+        steps=steps,
+        n_cols=len(steps))
+
+    add_footer(slide, "Page 08 · 教練當天行動", "Witness, don't intervene", theme="light")
+```
+
+`add_pipeline` internally lays out N step cards across `CONTENT_W` with `step_h` derived from the longest step's text height. Don't fix `step_h` to a constant — let it grow to fit, and let the cursor's overflow guard catch problems.
+
+### 7.3 Two-column comparison / concern cards
+
+```python
+def slide_two_col(prs, *, kicker, headline, intro, left, right):
+    slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
+    paint_bg(slide, COLOR_INK)
+    add_chrome(slide, "First-Time Caveats · 首辦提醒", "05 / 14", theme="dark")
+
+    c = Cursor()
+    add_kicker(slide,  top=c.take(Inches(0.18)), text=kicker)
+    add_h_xl(slide,    top=c.take(Inches(0.95)), text=headline)
+    add_lead(slide,    top=c.take(Inches(0.55)), text=intro)
+    pair_top = c.take(Inches(3.00), label="pair")
+    col_w = (CONTENT_W - Inches(0.4)) / 2
+    add_concern_card(slide, left=CONTENT_LEFT,            top=pair_top, w=col_w, h=Inches(2.9), data=left)
+    add_concern_card(slide, left=CONTENT_LEFT + col_w + Inches(0.4), top=pair_top, w=col_w, h=Inches(2.9), data=right)
+
+    add_footer(slide, "Page 05 · 首次辦理特別提醒", "典禮 ≠ 領導日", theme="dark")
+```
+
+Notice the pattern: `c.take(Inches(3.00), label="pair")` reserves 3.0" of vertical space for *the whole pair row*; then the two columns are placed side-by-side at that `top`. The cursor doesn't know about columns, only about row heights.
+
+### 7.4 Observation grid (3 × 2 cards)
+
+```python
+def slide_obs_grid(prs, *, kicker, headline, intro, cards):
+    assert len(cards) == 6
+    slide = prs.slides.add_slide(blank_layout)
+    paint_bg(slide, COLOR_PAPER)
+    add_chrome(slide, "Observation · 觀察筆記", "09 / 14", theme="light")
+
+    c = Cursor()
+    add_kicker(slide, top=c.take(Inches(0.18)), text=kicker)
+    add_h_xl(slide,   top=c.take(Inches(0.95)), text=headline)
+    add_lead(slide,   top=c.take(Inches(0.55)), text=intro)
+    grid_top = c.take(Inches(2.40), label="3x2 grid")
+
+    col_w = (CONTENT_W - Inches(0.6)) / 3
+    row_h = Inches(1.10)
+    for i, card in enumerate(cards):
+        col = i % 3
+        row = i // 3
+        x = CONTENT_LEFT + col * (col_w + Inches(0.3))
+        y = grid_top + row * (row_h + Inches(0.20))
+        add_obs_card(slide, left=x, top=y, w=col_w, h=row_h, data=card)
+
+    add_footer(slide, "Page 09 · 觀察筆記六項指標", "記錄用 · 不當場評分", theme="light")
+```
+
+## 8. Common pitfalls and how the discipline catches them
+
+| Pitfall | How the discipline catches it |
+|---|---|
+| Hero slide stuck to top | `hero_layout(blocks)` budgets total height and centers automatically |
+| Last content block crosses footer | `Cursor.take()` raises `OverflowError` before render |
+| Box bounds intrude on rail | tighten `box_h` to text height + 0.05" pad; verifier flags violations |
+| Italic gone flat | `add_run(..., italic=True)` swaps to EN serif; CJK skipped |
+| Footer text overlaps content | footer pinned at `FOOTER_TOP`, never routed through cursor |
+| Chrome row drifts down on long titles | chrome pinned at `CHROME_TOP`, never advanced |
+| Off-canvas content | `verify_layout.py` asserts `top + height ≤ CANVAS_H` |
+| Mixed font fallback | always pass `font=FONT_*` constant; never let python-pptx pick |