266 lines
9.9 KiB
Markdown
266 lines
9.9 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
sidebar_position: 11
|
||
title: "用 Cron 自动化一切"
|
||
description: "使用 Hermes cron 的真实自动化模式——监控、报告、数据管道与多技能工作流"
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
# 用 Cron 自动化一切
|
||
|
||
[每日简报机器人教程](/guides/daily-briefing-bot)涵盖了基础内容。本指南更进一步——五种真实的自动化模式,可直接改造用于你自己的工作流。
|
||
|
||
完整功能参考请见 [定时任务(Cron)](/user-guide/features/cron)。
|
||
|
||
:::info 核心概念
|
||
Cron 任务在全新的 agent 会话中运行,不保留当前对话的任何记忆。Prompt(提示词)必须**完全自包含**——把 agent 需要知道的一切都写进去。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
:::tip 不需要 LLM?你有两种零 token 方案。
|
||
- **循环看门狗**:脚本本身已能生成精确消息(内存告警、磁盘告警、心跳)时,使用 [纯脚本 cron 任务](/guides/cron-script-only)。相同的调度器,无需 LLM。你可以在对话中让 Hermes 帮你设置——`cronjob` 工具知道何时选择 `no_agent=True` 并为你编写脚本。
|
||
- **已在运行的脚本发起的一次性通知**(CI 步骤、post-commit hook、部署脚本、外部调度的监控):使用 [`hermes send`](/guides/pipe-script-output) 将 stdout 或文件直接推送到 Telegram / Discord / Slack 等,无需设置 cron 条目。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 模式一:网站变更监控
|
||
|
||
监视某个 URL 的变化,仅在内容发生变化时发送通知。
|
||
|
||
`script` 参数是这里的秘密武器。每次执行前会先运行一个 Python 脚本,其 stdout 作为上下文传给 agent。脚本负责机械性工作(抓取、对比差异);agent 负责推理(这个变化是否值得关注?)。
|
||
|
||
创建监控脚本:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
mkdir -p ~/.hermes/scripts
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```python title="~/.hermes/scripts/watch-site.py"
|
||
import hashlib, json, os, urllib.request
|
||
|
||
URL = "https://example.com/pricing"
|
||
STATE_FILE = os.path.expanduser("~/.hermes/scripts/.watch-site-state.json")
|
||
|
||
# Fetch current content
|
||
req = urllib.request.Request(URL, headers={"User-Agent": "Hermes-Monitor/1.0"})
|
||
content = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=30).read().decode()
|
||
current_hash = hashlib.sha256(content.encode()).hexdigest()
|
||
|
||
# Load previous state
|
||
prev_hash = None
|
||
if os.path.exists(STATE_FILE):
|
||
with open(STATE_FILE) as f:
|
||
prev_hash = json.load(f).get("hash")
|
||
|
||
# Save current state
|
||
with open(STATE_FILE, "w") as f:
|
||
json.dump({"hash": current_hash, "url": URL}, f)
|
||
|
||
# Output for the agent
|
||
if prev_hash and prev_hash != current_hash:
|
||
print(f"CHANGE DETECTED on {URL}")
|
||
print(f"Previous hash: {prev_hash}")
|
||
print(f"Current hash: {current_hash}")
|
||
print(f"\nCurrent content (first 2000 chars):\n{content[:2000]}")
|
||
else:
|
||
print("NO_CHANGE")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
设置 cron 任务:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
/cron add "every 1h" "If the script output says CHANGE DETECTED, summarize what changed on the page and why it might matter. If it says NO_CHANGE, respond with just [SILENT]." --script ~/.hermes/scripts/watch-site.py --name "Pricing monitor" --deliver telegram
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
:::tip `[SILENT]` 技巧
|
||
当 agent 的最终响应包含 `[SILENT]` 时,投递会被抑制。这意味着只有在真正发生变化时你才会收到通知——安静时段不会产生垃圾消息。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 模式二:每周报告
|
||
|
||
从多个来源汇总信息,生成格式化摘要。每周运行一次,投递到你的主频道。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
/cron add "0 9 * * 1" "Generate a weekly report covering:
|
||
|
||
1. Search the web for the top 5 AI news stories from the past week
|
||
2. Search GitHub for trending repositories in the 'machine-learning' topic
|
||
3. Check Hacker News for the most discussed AI/ML posts
|
||
|
||
Format as a clean summary with sections for each source. Include links.
|
||
Keep it under 500 words — highlight only what matters." --name "Weekly AI digest" --deliver telegram
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
通过 CLI:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
hermes cron create "0 9 * * 1" \
|
||
"Generate a weekly report covering the top AI news, trending ML GitHub repos, and most-discussed HN posts. Format with sections, include links, keep under 500 words." \
|
||
--name "Weekly AI digest" \
|
||
--deliver telegram
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`0 9 * * 1` 是标准 cron 表达式:每周一上午 9:00。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 模式三:GitHub 仓库监控
|
||
|
||
监控某个仓库的新 issue、PR 或 release。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
/cron add "every 6h" "Check the GitHub repository NousResearch/hermes-agent for:
|
||
- New issues opened in the last 6 hours
|
||
- New PRs opened or merged in the last 6 hours
|
||
- Any new releases
|
||
|
||
Use the terminal to run gh commands:
|
||
gh issue list --repo NousResearch/hermes-agent --state open --json number,title,author,createdAt --limit 10
|
||
gh pr list --repo NousResearch/hermes-agent --state all --json number,title,author,createdAt,mergedAt --limit 10
|
||
|
||
Filter to only items from the last 6 hours. If nothing new, respond with [SILENT].
|
||
Otherwise, provide a concise summary of the activity." --name "Repo watcher" --deliver discord
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
:::warning 自包含的 Prompt
|
||
注意 prompt 中包含了精确的 `gh` 命令。cron agent 不记得之前的运行记录或你的偏好——把所有内容都明确写出来。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 模式四:数据采集管道
|
||
|
||
定期抓取数据、保存到文件,并随时间检测趋势。此模式将脚本(用于采集)与 agent(用于分析)结合使用。
|
||
|
||
```python title="~/.hermes/scripts/collect-prices.py"
|
||
import json, os, urllib.request
|
||
from datetime import datetime
|
||
|
||
DATA_DIR = os.path.expanduser("~/.hermes/data/prices")
|
||
os.makedirs(DATA_DIR, exist_ok=True)
|
||
|
||
# Fetch current data (example: crypto prices)
|
||
url = "https://api.coingecko.com/api/v3/simple/price?ids=bitcoin,ethereum&vs_currencies=usd"
|
||
data = json.loads(urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=30).read())
|
||
|
||
# Append to history file
|
||
entry = {"timestamp": datetime.now().isoformat(), "prices": data}
|
||
history_file = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, "history.jsonl")
|
||
with open(history_file, "a") as f:
|
||
f.write(json.dumps(entry) + "\n")
|
||
|
||
# Load recent history for analysis
|
||
lines = open(history_file).readlines()
|
||
recent = [json.loads(l) for l in lines[-24:]] # Last 24 data points
|
||
|
||
# Output for the agent
|
||
print(f"Current: BTC=${data['bitcoin']['usd']}, ETH=${data['ethereum']['usd']}")
|
||
print(f"Data points collected: {len(lines)} total, showing last {len(recent)}")
|
||
print(f"\nRecent history:")
|
||
for r in recent[-6:]:
|
||
print(f" {r['timestamp']}: BTC=${r['prices']['bitcoin']['usd']}, ETH=${r['prices']['ethereum']['usd']}")
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
/cron add "every 1h" "Analyze the price data from the script output. Report:
|
||
1. Current prices
|
||
2. Trend direction over the last 6 data points (up/down/flat)
|
||
3. Any notable movements (>5% change)
|
||
|
||
If prices are flat and nothing notable, respond with [SILENT].
|
||
If there's a significant move, explain what happened." \
|
||
--script ~/.hermes/scripts/collect-prices.py \
|
||
--name "Price tracker" \
|
||
--deliver telegram
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
脚本负责机械性的数据采集;agent 在此之上添加推理层。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 模式五:多技能工作流
|
||
|
||
将多个 skill(技能)串联起来,完成复杂的定时任务。Skill 按顺序加载,然后执行 prompt。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 使用 arxiv skill 查找论文,再用 obsidian skill 保存笔记
|
||
/cron add "0 8 * * *" "Search arXiv for the 3 most interesting papers on 'language model reasoning' from the past day. For each paper, create an Obsidian note with the title, authors, abstract summary, and key contribution." \
|
||
--skill arxiv \
|
||
--skill obsidian \
|
||
--name "Paper digest"
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
直接通过工具调用:
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
cronjob(
|
||
action="create",
|
||
skills=["arxiv", "obsidian"],
|
||
prompt="Search arXiv for papers on 'language model reasoning' from the past day. Save the top 3 as Obsidian notes.",
|
||
schedule="0 8 * * *",
|
||
name="Paper digest",
|
||
deliver="local"
|
||
)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Skill 按顺序加载——先加载 `arxiv`(教 agent 如何搜索论文),再加载 `obsidian`(教 agent 如何写笔记)。Prompt 将二者串联起来。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 管理你的任务
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 列出所有活跃任务
|
||
/cron list
|
||
|
||
# 立即触发某个任务(用于测试)
|
||
/cron run <job_id>
|
||
|
||
# 暂停任务而不删除
|
||
/cron pause <job_id>
|
||
|
||
# 编辑运行中任务的调度或 prompt
|
||
/cron edit <job_id> --schedule "every 4h"
|
||
/cron edit <job_id> --prompt "Updated task description"
|
||
|
||
# 为现有任务添加或移除 skill
|
||
/cron edit <job_id> --skill arxiv --skill obsidian
|
||
/cron edit <job_id> --clear-skills
|
||
|
||
# 永久删除任务
|
||
/cron remove <job_id>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 投递目标
|
||
|
||
`--deliver` 标志控制结果发送到哪里:
|
||
|
||
| 目标 | 示例 | 使用场景 |
|
||
|--------|---------|----------|
|
||
| `origin` | `--deliver origin` | 创建该任务的对话(默认) |
|
||
| `local` | `--deliver local` | 仅保存到本地文件 |
|
||
| `telegram` | `--deliver telegram` | 你的 Telegram 主频道 |
|
||
| `discord` | `--deliver discord` | 你的 Discord 主频道 |
|
||
| `slack` | `--deliver slack` | 你的 Slack 主频道 |
|
||
| 指定对话 | `--deliver telegram:-1001234567890` | 特定 Telegram 群组 |
|
||
| 线程投递 | `--deliver telegram:-1001234567890:17585` | 特定 Telegram 话题线程 |
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 使用技巧
|
||
|
||
**让 prompt 完全自包含。** Cron 任务中的 agent 不记得你的任何对话。把 URL、仓库名、格式偏好和投递说明直接写进 prompt。
|
||
|
||
**大量使用 `[SILENT]`。** 对于监控类任务,始终加上类似"如果没有变化,回复 `[SILENT]`"的指令,防止通知噪音。
|
||
|
||
**用脚本做数据采集。** `script` 参数让 Python 脚本处理枯燥的部分(HTTP 请求、文件 I/O、状态追踪)。Agent 只看到脚本的 stdout,并对其进行推理。这比让 agent 自己抓取更省钱、更可靠。
|
||
|
||
**用 `/cron run` 测试。** 不要等调度触发,使用 `/cron run <job_id>` 立即执行,验证输出是否符合预期。
|
||
|
||
**调度表达式。** 支持的格式:相对延迟(`30m`)、间隔(`every 2h`)、标准 cron 表达式(`0 9 * * *`)、ISO 时间戳(`2025-06-15T09:00:00`)。不支持自然语言如 `daily at 9am`——请改用 `0 9 * * *`。
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
*完整的 cron 参考——所有参数、边界情况和内部机制——请见 [定时任务(Cron)](/user-guide/features/cron)。* |